复合轴结构设计及数控加工工艺和编程毕业论文

 2021-04-07 09:04

摘 要

本设计主要讲述复合轴结构设计及数控加工工艺与编程。数控加工工艺设计的主要任务是制订加工工艺规程,也是数控机床加工前的准备工作。数控机床加工程序不仅要包括零件的工艺过程,而且还要包括切削速度、进给量、加工余量、背吃刀量、走刀路线、刀具尺寸以及机床的运动过程。

本设计针对典型复合轴类配合零件进行了数控加工工艺设计及程序的编制。工艺设计方面从零件图开始,首先对零件进行工艺分析,分析零件由什么结构组成,有哪些尺寸和表面粗糙度,然后选择数控设备,对零件定位基准及装夹方式进行确定,制定合理的加工方案,划分数控加工工序,确定工步顺序,合理选择刀具和对刀点,最终确定加工余量,最终得出完整的工序卡片,工艺卡片。针对复合轴的加工,设计了两组夹具,一组是专用夹具,利用钻床来对工件进行钻孔加工,一组夹具是三爪卡盘,并画出两组夹具的CAD二维图。编制完整的程序单,用两种仿真数控系统对程序的正确性进行验证。

关键词:复合轴类零件;工艺分析;夹具设计;数控仿真

Composite shaft structure design of NC machining process and programming

ABSTRACT

This design is mainly about the structure design of the composite shaft and numerical control processing technology and programming. The main task of NC machining process design is to make the rules of NC machine tool, which is also the preparation for the work. CNC machining program not only includes the parts, but also includes the cutting parameters, tool path, machine allowance, cutting depth, cutting tool size and machine process.

In this design, the NC machining process design and program are designed for typical composite shaft parts. Process design begins with part of drawing. We choose CNC equipment, analysis the size and surface roughness, determine the parts of positioning and clamping mode and the reasonable processing plan, divide the NC machining process, determine the processing procedures, fixture design a processing steps, the final determination of machining allowance, finally draw process card, complete process card, and preparation of complete program. For the processing of composite shaft, two sets of fixtures were designed. One of the set is special fixture for the use of drilling, The other set of fixture is three jaw chuck, and we draw the CAD 2D figure of the two sets of fixture. We make the program list and the correctness of the program is verified by two kinds of simulation numerical control system.

Key words:shaft mating parts; process analysis; fixture design; numerical simulation

目 录

1 绪论……………………………………………………………………………………………………1

1.1 概述………………………………………………………………………………………………1

1.2 数控加工研究意义及现状………………………………………………………………………1

1.3 数控加工发展趋势………………………………………………………………………………2

2 复合轴结构的数控加工工艺分析…………………………………………………………4

2.1 零件图及工艺分析………………………………………………………………………………4

2.2 制定加工方案、确定加工顺序………………………………………………………………5

2.3 数控加工工艺卡片……………………………………………………………………………6

3 夹具设计…………………………………………………………………………………………14

3.1 定位方案………………………………………………………………………………………14

3.2 夹紧方案………………………………………………………………………………………14

3.3 导向方案………………………………………………………………………………………17

3.4 定位误差分析…………………………………………………………………………………18

3.5 夹紧力估算……………………………………………………………………………………19

4 基于FANUC数控系统的编程与仿真………………………………………………………………21

4.1 FANUC数控系统简介及特点……………………………………………………………………21

4.2 FANUC数控车床的简单操作……………………………………………………………………22

4.3 复合轴编程及仿真加工…………………………………………………………………………22

5 基于西门子数控系统的编程与仿真………………………………………………………………30

5.1 西门子数控系统的简介及特点………………………………………………………………30

5.2 西门子数控车床操作…………………………………………………………………………31

5.3 复合轴编程及仿真加工………………………………………………………………………31

结论………………………………………………………………………………………………………37

致谢…………………………………………………………………………………………………………38

参考文献…………………………………………………………………………………………………39

附录……………………………………………………………………………………………………40

1 绪论

1.1 概述

数控加工,就是泛指用数控机床上进行加工零件的工艺过程。数控机床是应用数控技术对加工过程进行控制的机床。数控机床的运动和辅助动作都受控于数控系统发出的指令。而数控系统的指令是由程序员根据工件的材质、加工要求、机床的特性和系统所规定的指令格式(数控语言或符号)编制的。数控系统根据程序指令向伺服装置和其它功能部件发出运行或终断信息来控制机床的各种运动。利用数控机床加工,其加工产品的质量一致性好,加工精度和效率高,特别是在复杂的曲线和曲面、多工艺复合化加工和高精度要求的产品加工时,其优点是传统机床无法相比的。任何一种数控机床在其数控系统中若没有输入程序指令,数控机床就不能工作。机床的受控动作大致包括机床的起动、停止;主轴的启停、旋转方向和转速的变换;进给运动的方向、速度、方式;刀具的选择、长度和半径的补偿;刀具的更换,冷却液的开起、关闭等。

1.2 数控加工工艺研究意义及现状

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