摘 要

本文在探讨深孔镗床控制系统的基础上，分析了深孔镗床控制原理、控制要求以及控制方案。在设计深孔镗床控制系统硬件方面，探讨了深孔镗床控制系统的总体结构，以及对PLC、电机和变频器进行正确的选择，给出PLC的外部接线图。在设计深孔镗床控制系统PLC程序方面，探讨了PLC控制系统设计基本内容、一般步骤，最终利用PLC的编程软件编写出深孔镗床的控制程序。

深孔镗床主要用于船舶柴油机缸套的加工，孔深且大，是加工工件的特点，最后一道镗时，需要拉一道波纹。目前采用继电器控制，加工可靠性差，只能一道拉波纹，如果能够精确定位则可以大大提高加工质量。船舶零件加工深孔镗床控制系统，与一般镗床控制不同，需要有两个操作控制台控制同一个机床，机床刀具旋转和进给采用变频技术实现无极调速。控制以PLC作为控制核心，取代原有的继电器接触器控制，从而使系统的可靠性与机床的精度大幅提高，经济效益显著,综合考虑机床各工位的控制特点和操作人员的操纵习惯，使用变频器，伺服驱动器，触摸屏等控制操作设备使操作更为方便简单，而且实现了对重要的加工参数的数字化控制与检测。该系统能够实现主轴的无级调速和刀具进给速度及深度的自动控制，保证了深孔加工工艺的灵活性，并使机床的加工精度和加工效率大幅提高，大大降低了废品率。

关键词：PLC控制；深孔镗床；西门子S7-200；

Design of deep hole boring machine control system

ABSTRACT

In this paper, on the base of deep hole boring machine control system, analyzes the deep holeboring machine control principle, control requirements and control scheme. In the design of deephole boring machine control system hardware, and to explore the deep hole boring machine control system's overall structure, and correct selection of PLC, motor and inverter, gives the PLCexternal wiring diagram. In the design of deep hole boring machine PLC program controlsystem,PLC control system design of the basic content, the general steps. Finally, the PLC programmingsoftware to prepare deep hole boring machine control program is studied.

Deep hole boring machine is mainly used for the processing of marine diesel engine cylinder liner, hole depth and large, the characteristics of the workpiece, the boring, need to pull a ripples. The relay control, poor reliability of machining, only a daura corrugated, if able to pinpoint can greatly improve the processing quality. Ship parts machining deep hole boring machine control system, and a common boring machine control different and need to have two operating console control with a machine, the machine tool rotation and feed the frequency conversion technology realize the stepless speed regulation. Control with PLC as the control core instead of the original relay contactor control, so that the reliability of the system and the machine tool accuracy is greatly improved, the economic benefits significantly, considering the station machine tool control characteristics and operating personnel operating habits, use of transducer, servo driver, touch screen control to operate the equipment and the operation is simple and convenient, and the realization of the important processing parameters of digital control and detection. The system can realize the automatic control of the main shaft of the stepless speed regulation and the tool feed rate and depth of and ensuring the flexibility of the deep hole processing, and the machining accuracy of machine tool and machining efficiency greatly improved, greatly reduce the rejection rate.

Key words： PLC control; Deep hole boring machine；;SIEMENS S7-200;

目 录

1绪论………………………………………………………………………………………………5

• 1. 背景与目的…………………………………………………………………………………5
  2. 深孔镗床国内外发展状况…………………………………………………………………5

1. 深孔镗床………………………………………………………………………………………6

2.1深孔镗床简介………………………………………………………………………………6

2.2深孔镗床工作原理…………………………………………………………………………6

2.3 深孔镗床加工方式…………………………………………………………………………6

2.4 深孔镗床的基本工艺性能…………………………………………………………………7

2.5 T2120深孔镗床……………………………………………………………………………8

3 深孔镗床控制系统设计方案…………………………………………………………………10

3.1 流程图……………………………………………………………………………………10

3.2 设计的意义………………………………………………………………………………11

3.3 设计思路…………………………………………………………………………………11

3.4 控制原理…………………………………………………………………………………12

3.5 控制要求…………………………………………………………………………………12

3.6 控制方案…………………………………………………………………………………12

3.7 总体结构…………………………………………………………………………………13

4 深孔镗床硬件设计…………………………………………………………………………13

4.1 S7-200 CPU………………………………………………………………………………13

4.2 变频调速器………………………………………………………………………………15

4.3触摸屏……………………………………………………………………………………16

4.4 主轴电机与进给电机……………………………………………………………………17

4.5 输出模拟量模块…………………………………………………………………………18

5 深孔镗床控制系统软件设计………………………………………………………………20

5.1 可编程控制器简介………………………………………………………………………20

5.2 PLC的特点和功能………………………………………………………………………20

5.3 深孔镗床I/O表…………………………………………………………………………22

5.4模拟量输出程序…………………………………………………………………………22

5.5 深孔镗床控制系统程序…………………………………………………………………23

6 总结 …………………………………………………………………………………………27

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

致谢 ……………………………………………………………………………………………28

参考文献 ………………………………………………………………………………………29

1. 绪 论

1.1背景与目的

深孔镗床主要用于船舶柴油机缸套的加工，孔深且大，是加工工件的特点，最后一道镗时，需要拉一道波纹。目前采用继电器控制，机床在加工过程中故障频发， 原控制功能简易，自动化程度低，导致工人劳动强度大，加工可靠性差，只能一道拉波纹，如果能够精确定位则可以大大提高加工质量。因此，对深孔镗床的改造十分迫切。