摘 要

适用于我国低矮密植型果园现状的喷雾机不仅可以保护果园，还可以减少污染，避免人工直接与农药接触。为了使果园农作物可以健康成长，使农药可以被充分利用，本文也对国内外果园喷雾机的研究现状进行分析比较，得出我国在此方面的研究与国外的差距仍然很大，因此，研制出一种高效的果园喷雾机机械意义重大。

针对我国果园低矮密植型的现状，综合考虑作业环境以及劳动强度等因素，研究出一种适应于我国果园现状的中小型履带式果园喷雾机，本文首先对动力装置进行分析比较，即对液压驱动以及电力驱动的分析比较，综合考虑电力驱动的成本比较低，功能更易实现，最终确定整机采用发电机组提供动力。其次，通过对行走机构、喷雾机构、动力机构所需动力的分析计算，确定整机所需功率为17KW左右，故选用的发电机组功率为20KW，型号为CHDA30KWE/ET。对行走机构动力装置以及结构进行了创新设计，确定采用了三相异步电动机进行驱动，涡轮蜗杆减速器进行减速，以适应机构无人驾驶的遥控操作方式。行驶速度为2km/h~4km/h 范围内可调以适用于工作行驶速度以及非工作移动速度的要求。履带行走底盘的布置大部分采用整体焊接连接的方式，使底盘能以较轻的重量获得足够的强度和刚度。履带的接地长度为0.8m，履带底盘的布置基本上采用“四轮一带”的布置方式，空间上基本符合梯形。电动机与减速器之间还设计了单盘摩擦式离合器，履带底盘可通过其实现左右转向，整机的传动机构可实现反向转动，所以当电流方向改变时即可实现履带车的原地倒退。整机尺寸2104mm*1074mm*1230mm，尺寸基本适合在低矮密植型的果园行走。

关键词：低矮密植、履带、发电机组、喷雾机

Caterpillar orchard sprayer overall design

ABSTRACT

Type is suitable for the low density orchard sprayer can not only protect the status quo of the orchard, also can reduce pollution, avoid direct contact with the pesticide artificially. In order to make the orchard crops can grow up healthy, pesticides can make full use of, and this paper also analyzes the current research of orchard sprayer comparison, in this aspect of research in China and abroad the gap is still large, therefore, developed a highly efficient orchard sprayer machinery is of great significance.

Low density orchard type in our country, considering the working environment and the intensity of labor, developed a suitable for the current situation of small and medium-sized crawler orchard sprayer orchards, this paper analyzes and compares to the power plant, namely comparative analysis on the hydraulic drive and electric drive, considering the cost of the electric drive is lower, function is easier to implement, eventually determine the whole machine adopts the power generating set. Secondly, through the power for the travel mechanism, spray mechanism, dynamic mechanism of the analysis and calculation, determine the power needed for the whole machine is about 17 kw, the reason to choose the power generating set for 20 kw, models for CHDA30KWE/ET. Power plant as well as the structure of walking mechanism innovative design was carried out to determine the three-phase asynchronous motor to drive, turbine worm reducer is slow, unmanned remote control operation mode to adapt to the institutions. Speed of 2 km/h ~ 4 km/h range adjustable speed to apply to work and non-work movement speed requirements. Most to the layout of the crawler walking chassis with the method of whole welding connection, could make the chassis with lighter weight gain enough strength and stiffness. Crawler grounding length of 0.8 m, caterpillar chassis layout basically adopt "four-wheel area arrangement, in line with trapezoidal space. Between motor and gear reducer also designed a single plate friction clutch, caterpillar chassis can be achieved through its turn left, the whole machine's transmission mechanism which can realize the reverse rotation, so when the direction of current changes the caterpillar vehicles can be realized in situ backwards. The whole machine size 2104 mm * 1074 mm * 1074 mm, basic size for walking type in low density orchard.

Key words:Low density, caterpillar, Generating set, sprayer

目录

1绪论……………………………………………………………………………………………..1

• 1. 课题研究的背景……………………………………………………………………........1
  2. 课题研究的目的、意义……………………………………………………………........1
  3. 国内外果园喷雾机的研究现状…………………………………………………............2
     1. 国外研究现状……………………………………………………………….........2
     2. 国内研究现状……………………………………………………………….........3
     3. 国内外研究现状总结……………………………………………………….........4
  4. 主要设计内容………………………………………………………………………........5

2设计要求及方案确定……………………………………………………………………..........6

2.1对传动系统的要求……………………………………………………………………....6

2.2传动方案确定………………………………………………………………....................6

2.3传动路线………………………………………………………………………................7

2.4整体结构方案………………………………………………………………………........7

3履带式果园喷雾机传动系统设计………………………………………………………..........8

3.1 传动系统概述………………………………………………………………………..........8

3.2 传动原理………………………………………………………………………..................8

3.3 电动机的选型计算…………………………………………………………………..........8

3.4 发电机组的选型计算………………………………………………………………..........9

3.5 行走机构传动系统的设计…………………………………………………......................10

3.5.1 行走机构传动系统概述……………………………………………………….......10

3.5.2 行走减速器动力参数计算…………………………………………………….......10

3.5.3 涡轮蜗杆的设计与校核………………………………………………………… ..11

3.5.4 传动轴的设计与校核………………………………………………………….......12