摘 要

我国核桃种植面积是世界最大的，而且核桃生产和消费量居世界前列。核桃也是我省主要经济林果之一，因此研究设计出适应本地种植特点的、经济的、可靠的小型核桃采摘机，对提高采摘效率，减少采摘成本和果农采摘劳动强度有着重要的实际意义。林果产业是现代化林业的重要组成部分，林果业的快速发展不仅促进社会经济发展，而且是解决农民脱贫致富的重要途径，越来越受到政府部门的重视。林果采收作业是林果生产中最耗时、最费力的一个环节，具有季节性强、劳动强度大、费时高等特点。农村劳动力的不断减少以及用工成本的增大，林果采收作业面临的问题越来越严峻，以成为制约我国林果业发展的主要因素，还会因为采收不及时，降低了林果产量。研制适合我国果园特点的果树采收机械，降低采收成本，提高采收效率迫在眉睫。

本文首先，对振动式核桃采摘机进行简化，建立采摘机一树体振动系统动力学模型。其次，基于农艺与农机以及机械振动理论，确定采摘机的设计方案，并对采摘机进行关键零部件的设计及其计算。同时对偏心轴进行理论强度校核分析结果表明其强度满足设计要求。

关键词：核桃、采种机、振动

The design of walnut seed collecting machine

ABSTRACT

China's walnut acreage is the world's largest, besides walnut's production and consumption are the highest in the world. Walnut is also one of the main economic fruit in our province, so it is of important practical significance to research and design a small walnut picking machine which need to adapt to the characteristic of local cultivation, economical and reliable, toimprove picking efficiency, reduce picking costs and labor intensity of fruit-picking-picking.Fruit industry is an important part of modern forestry, the rapid development of fruit industry not only promotes the development of the social economy, but also is an important way to solve the farmers out of poverty, more and more government departments should pay attention. The fruit harvesting is the most time-consuming fruit production, a part of the effort, with strong seasonality, labor intensity large, time-consuming higher characteristic. The rural labor force and labor costs continue to reduce the increase of fruit harvesting problems facing more and more serious, the main factors restricting the development of China's fruit industry to become, but also because of harvest time, reduced fruit yield.Preparing suitable for the development characteristics of China's orchard fruit harvesting machinery, reducing recovery cost, improving recovery efficiency is imminent.

Firstly, the vibration type walnut picking machine is simplified, picking machine a tree body vibration system dynamics model is established. Secondly, based on agriculture and agricultural and mechanical vibration theory, determine the picking machine design scheme and the picking machine were key parts of the design and calculation. The eccentric axis theory strength check analysis results show that the strength to meet the design requirements.

Key words: walnut, seed collecting machine, vibration

目录

1 绪论...............................................................................1

1.1 课题背景..................................................................1

1.2 研究的目的及意义..........................................................1

1.3 国内外机林业振动采收机研究概况............................................2

1.4 课题主要设计内容..........................................................3

2 核桃振动采种机关键部位的设计.......................................................4

2.1 核桃振动采种机采收原理与总体结构设计......................................4

2.1.1 采收原理............................................................4

2.1.2 方案比较............................................................4

2.1.3 总体结构设计与分析..................................................5

2.1.4 采种机主要技术参数..................................................5

2.2 激振部件设计..............................................................6

2.2.1 偏心块的结构设计....................................................7

2.2.2 发动机选型..........................................................8

2.2.3 偏心轴的设计........................................................8

2.2.3.1 偏心轴的尺寸、外观设计.......................................8

2.2.3.2 偏心轴的强度校核............................................10

2.2.3.3 键的选择与校核..............................................13

2.2.4 激振部件的安装....................................................14

2.2.5 轴承的选用........................................................14

2.3 夹持机构设计.............................................................16

2.3.2 夹板的移动与固定..................................................16

2.3.2 夹持架的设计......................................................16

2.3.3 手柄的设计........................................................17

2.4 带传动装置的设计.........................................................18