摘 要

随着自动化生产能力的提高，对生产线效率的要求进一步扩大，部分普通机床已被专用组合机床所取代，在工厂中出现需要组合机床的场合越来越多，成为工业环节中不可或缺的部分。组合机床以通用部件为基础，根据工件的特殊外形和加工工艺设计而设计专门部件和夹具，组成的半自动或自动组合专用机床。它一般采用多轴，多刀，多工序，多面或多工位同时加工的方式，生产效率比通用机床高几倍至几十倍。由于通用部件已经标准化和系列化，可根据需要灵活配置，能缩短设计和制造周期。因此，组合机床兼有低成本和高效率的优点，在大批量生产中得到了广泛应用，可用于组成自动生产线。

本课题针对壳体端面上4Xφ10、6Xφ8、1Xφ12孔钻削这一特定工序而设计的一台专用卧式组合钻床。

本设计中，在充分数据计算的基础上对标准通用零件做了选择，并根据被加工零件的结构特点，加工部位的尺寸精度，表面粗糙度要求，以及夹紧方式，工艺方法和加工过程中所采用的刀具，生产率，切削用量情况等设计了结构合理的主轴箱。根据加工零件大小尺寸设计合适的夹具与钻模板，方便定位元件。

关键词： 专用组合钻床，主轴箱，工艺流程，钻削

Design of special NC drilling machine for ZCY45 machine body

ABSTRACT

With the improvement of automation production capacity, requirements on the efficiency of production line to further expand, part of the ordinary machine tool has been replaced by a special combination of machine tool, in plants appear to be modular machine tool more and more occasions to become industrial sectors in an indispensable part. The machine tool is based on general components, and the special parts and fixtures are designed according to the special form and process of the workpiece, and the semi-automatic or automatic combination machine tool is designed.. It generally uses multi axis, multi blade, multi process, multi - or multi - station simultaneous processing, production efficiency is several times higher than general machine tools to several times. Since common components have been standardized and serialization, it can be flexibly configured according to the need to shorten the design and manufacturing cycle. Therefore, the combination machine tool has both the low cost and the high efficiency merit, in the mass production has obtained the widespread application, may use for the composition automatic production line.

This paper aiming at the end surface of the shell body 4x Phi 10, 6x Phi 8, Phi 1x 12 hole drilling cutting the specific processes and design a special combination of horizontal drilling.

In this design, in the calculation of the full data based on standard parts made the choice, and according to the structural characteristics of machining parts, machining parts size precision, surface roughness degree, and clamping method, process method and process in the tool productivity, cutting dosages and design the reasonable structure of the spindle box. According to the size and size of the parts, the design of the fixture and the drilling template is suitable for the positioning element.

.

Keywords：combined machine tool, production efficiency, clamp, drilling

目 录

1 组合机床概述

1.1组合机床及其特点 …………………………………………………..………….…….1

1.2组合机床分类和基本配置形式…………………………………….……………..… 4

1.3组合钻床加工精度…………………………………………………………………….…4

1.4组合机床发展趋势……………………………………………………………………….4

1.5本课题研究的基本内容………………………………………………………………….6

1.6本课题主要研究方向…………………………………………………………………….6

2组合机床的通用部件………………………………..………………………….……………..6

2.1通用部件的分类………………………………………………………………………….6

2.2常用的通用部件………………………………………………………………………….7

2.2.1动力滑台………………………………………………………………………….7

2.2.2动力箱的选用…………………………………………………………………….8

2.3选择刀具，工具，导向装置并标注其相关位置及尺寸……………………………….9

3 组合机床总体设计……………………………………………………………………………..11

3.1组合钻床工艺方案……………………………………………………………………….11

3.1.1被加工零件的加工精度和加工工序…………………………………………….11

3.1.2被加工零件特点………………………………………………………………….11

3.2.制定工艺方案应考虑的问题……………………………………………………………11

3.2.1组合机床工艺方法能达到的精度和表面粗糙度……………………………….11

3.2.2定位基准的选择………………………………………………………………….11

3.3计算组合机床的刀具的切削用量……………………………….……………………..11

3.3.1切削用量的选择………………………………………………………………….11

3.3.2组合机床切削用量的选择特点………………………………………………….11

3.3.3确定切削用量应注意的问题…………………………………………………….12

3.3.4组合机床切削用量选择及计算………………………………………………….12

3.4机床总体方案的设计…………………………………………………………………….15

3.4.1被加工零件的工序图…………………………………………………………….15

3.4.2确定工作行程的长度…………………………………………………………….15

3.4.3机床联系尺寸…………………………………………………………………….16

3.4.4机床生产率计算卡……………………………………………………………….17

4 组合钻床的主轴箱设计…………………………………………….………………………….20

4.1概述……………………………….…………………………………………………….20

4.1.1主轴箱的分类及组成…………………………………………………………….20

4.1.2主轴箱零件的选择……………………………………………………………….22

4.2主轴直径、传动轴直径及齿轮模数等的确定………………………………………..24

4.2.1主轴直径的计算………………………………………………………………..24

4.2.2主轴齿轮计算…………………………………………………………………..24

4.2.3电机驱动轴以及各传动轴直径的选择………………………………………..25

4.3主轴箱传动系统的确定………………………………………………………………..25

4.3.1传动系统的设计注意事项……………………………………………………..25

4.3.2主轴箱传动系统的设计…………………………………………………………26

4.3.3验算中心距误差，并求出变位系数……………………………………………29

4.4绘制主轴箱总图以及装配明细表……………………………………………………..29

4.4.1主视图…………………………………………………………………………..29

4.4.2主轴箱展开图…………………………………………………………………..29

4.4.3主轴和传动轴装配表…………………………………………………………..29