摘 要

聚四氟乙烯又称为PTFE、“不粘涂层”，它具备了抗酸抗碱抗各种有机溶剂的特性，并且几乎不溶于所有溶剂，聚乙烯中所有的氢原子的人工合成高分子材料都用氟来取代。聚四氟乙烯因其具有耐高温、摩擦系数极低的特点，所以可作润滑作用之余，也可以作为易清洁水管内层的理想涂料。聚四氟乙烯又称塑料之王，化学性质稳定，耐大气老化性能优良，力学强度较高，并且具有塑料中最耐化学腐蚀，最佳介电性能。因此，聚四氟乙烯在生活和生产中应用十分广泛。

现在一般使用旋切机来制造聚四氟乙烯薄膜，而加工聚四氟乙烯的的旋切机大多是经过改装的木工旋切机，该机床主轴旋转时，利用多级齿轮传动使一部分动力推动刀架的进给，调整旋切单板厚度时要换上相对应的挂轮，存在旋切精度低、旋切厚度调节有级等缺点，由于是齿轮等机械零件组织传动，因组装润滑要求高，因此旋切出的产品却无法满足聚四氟乙烯薄膜市场越来越薄的需要。

本文所要研究的内容是：高精度数控旋切机自动控制系统，它是一种基于PLC和运动控制模块的专用数控系统，一种数字化、不使用原有的机械师或开开光量式的系统。将主轴旋转与进给传动分开，组成随动系统，由PLC完成旋转刀具进给量的精确控制，将原本凸轮的作用用高性能的PLC代替，大大提高控制精度，可以有效地克服目前普通旋切机的缺点，从而实现运用PLC技术和传感技术从上料到切断完全实现机电一体化和自动控制，并且能显著提高传动系统进给精度，精准地无级的调整旋切厚度规格。不仅减轻了工人调试安装的工作量，也提高了生产效率。

关键词：聚四氟乙烯；数控旋切机；可编程控制器；变频控制

Design of control system of high precision NC rotary cutting machine

ABSTRACT

PTFE, PTFE, it is a kind of artificial synthesis of high molecular materials used for all the hydrogen atoms in the fluorine substituted polyethylene. Commonly known as "non stick coating". This material has the resistance to acid and alkali resistance, the characteristics of a variety of organic solvents, almost insoluble in all solvents. At the same time, PTFE has the characteristics of high temperature resistance, its friction coefficient is very low, so it can be used as a lubricant, but also become easy to clean the inner layer of the ideal paint. PTFE, also known as the king of plastic, chemical stability, resistance to atmospheric aging, high mechanical strength, and has the most resistant to chemical corrosion in the plastic, the best dielectric properties. Therefore, PTFE is widely used in life and production.

At present, the rotary cutting machine is widely used in the manufacture of the teflon film. And for processing polytetrafluoroethylene rotary cutting machine is mostly through the modification of woodworking rotary cutting machine, the machine tool spindle rotation, make part of a power driven tool through the use of multistage gear transmission feed, adjusting rotary cut veneer thickness to change corresponding to the hanging wheel, rotary cutting accuracy is low, peeling thickness regulation level and other shortcomings, is due to the transmission gears and other mechanical parts, assembly and lubrication requirements are very high, peeling of the products is difficult to meet the polytetrafluoroethylene film market is more and more thin demand.

The research content is: high precision CNC rotary cutting machine automatic control system, it is a kind of special NC system based on PLC and motion control module, completely abandoned the original mechanic or a happy light type of a digital system. The spindle rotation and the feed drive separately, composition with the pneumatic system, completed by PLC to precise control of the rotary tool feed rate, originally the role of cam with high performance PLC instead, greatly improves the control precision, can effectively overcome the shortcomings of the ordinary lathe, in order to achieve the use of PLC Technology and sensor technology from on the expected cut off the full realization of electromechanical integration and automatic control, and can significantly improve the feed precision of transmission system, stepless accurately adjustable rotary cutting thickness specifications. It not only reduces the workload of workers to debug and install, but also improves the production efficiency.

Key words：PTFE; CNC rotary cutting machine; programmable controller; frequency conversion control

目 录

第一章绪论 - 1 -

1.1课题的研究背景和研究意义 - 1 -

1.2数控旋切机的国内外研究现状 - 2 -

1.2.1数控旋切机的国外研究现状 - 2 -

1.3方案背景技术简介 - 3 -

1.3.1数控技术的现状与发展 - 4 -

1.4本课题的主要研究内容 - 5 -

1.5本章小结 - 6 -

第二章数控旋切机系统特性及控制要求 - 7 -

2.1旋切机简介 - 7 -

2.2数控旋切机的结构形式 - 8 -

2.3数控旋切机的特点 - 12 -

2.4数控旋切机的控制要求 - 13 -

第三章数控旋切机电控系统的硬件设计 - 14 -

3.1系统概述 - 14 -

3.2数控旋切机电控系统的方案设计 - 14 -

3.3电控系统的下位机硬件设计 - 17 -

3.3.1下位机（PLC） - 17 -

3.3.2变频器 - 18 -

3.3.3 伺服驱动器 - 20 -

3.3.4上位机 - 22 -

3.3.5 PLC与伺服驱动器接线 - 22 -

3.3.6 PLC的输入/输出电器接线图 - 24 -

3.4本章小结 - 25 -

第四章 数控旋切机控制系统的软件设计 - 26 -

4.1数控旋切机控制系统软件设计方案 - 26 -

4.2下位机PLC程序设计 - 26 -

4.3 PLC地址分配 - 28 -

4.3.1 软件设计 - 28 -

4.4本章小结 - 35 -

第五章结论与展望 - 36 -

5.1主要研究工作及结论 - 36 -

5.2本课题的展望 - 36 -

第一章绪论

1.1课题的研究背景和研究意义

聚四氟乙烯是含有含有氟原子的一种四氟乙烯的高聚物 ，具有高低温范围广泛化学稳定性、电绝缘性，润滑性自润滑性的耐大气老化性能优良，以及不燃性和极小的吸水性等优异特性，是综合性能十分优良的工程素材。正因为聚四氟乙烯的这些特点，所以在工业生产和日常生活中都有广泛运用。现在工业生产的聚四氟乙烯薄膜都是用经过改装的木工旋切机通过加工成为薄膜，木板旋切精度，厚度很难达到要求，并且这种旋切机的机构很复杂多达7级传动，传动装置组装和润滑要求很高，通过PLC实现机电一体化控制旋切机的传动，可以改善聚四氟乙烯的质量不高，成本效率低的情况，为传动的级数、精确性、均匀和厚度方面提供了保障。

现在国内绝大多数薄膜生产厂家，在旋切机控制方面主要采用机械和人工相结合的方式，劳动强度大，自动化控制程度低，加工精度也不高，渐渐不能满足市场对产品的要求。而以单片机为核心的的圆木旋切机自动控制系统，可以对进刀量和旋切速度进行自动控制，既可以按照加工要求进行薄膜旋切，也能保证薄膜加工厚度的均匀性，但单片机操作十分复杂，在实际加工中也有些问题无法解决，对工人来说操作反而不便，因此无法广泛使用。