摘 要

高地隙喷杆喷雾机作为高秆类作物病虫害防治的施药机具，具有不可替代作用，能有效解决高秆作物施药难、病虫害防治效果差、农药利用率低等问题，是亟待发展、改进和推广应用的重要植保机械。高地隙喷杆喷雾机是以高地隙拖拉机提供动力，装载带有喷头的横向或竖向喷杆进行喷雾施药的机动型植保机械。相比于传统的大田高秆类作物喷施药技术，高地隙喷杆喷雾机施药具有作业效率高、施药均匀性好、劳动强度低，以及工作环境舒适等优势，非常适合于大田及农场种植的玉米、小麦、水稻等粮食作物，棉花、甘蔗、大豆等经济作物的病虫害防治。随着农业生产模式正向规模化、集中化种植管理方向转变，对植保机械的工作效率提出了极大的要求，高地隙喷杆式喷雾机具有机械化、自动化程度高，使用方便，通过性好、适用范围广、施药精准高效等优点，针对区域和作物特点，开发高效高地隙喷杆喷雾机是必然趋势。本课题设计一种自走式高地隙喷杆喷雾机，包括高地隙自走式底盘、施药系统的高效、安全防治大田蔬菜与水稻病虫草害的机具。

关键词：植保机械 高地隙 高效 安全防治

Design of spray device for high - level spray bar sprayer

ABSTRACT

High-level spray gun sprayer as a high-stem crop pest control equipment, with irreplaceable effect, can effectively solve the high-stalk crops difficult to cure, pest control effect is poor, low utilization of pesticides, is the urgent need to develop, improve And promote the application of important plant protection machinery. High-profile sprayer sprayer is a high-level tractor to provide power, loading with a horizontal or vertical spray bar spray spray spraying of motorized plant protection machinery. Compared with the traditional field high-stalk crops spraying technology, high-level spray bar spray machine with high operating efficiency, good uniform applicability, low labor intensity, and comfortable working environment and other advantages, is very suitable for field and Farm cultivation of corn, wheat, rice and other food crops, cotton, sugar cane, soybeans and other economic crops pest control. With the agricultural production mode is large-scale, centralized management of the direction of change, the efficiency of plant protection machinery put forward a great demand, high gap spray sprayer with mechanization, high degree of automation, easy to use, good , A wide range of applications, precision and efficient application of the advantages of regional and crop characteristics, the development of high efficiency and high gap spray sprayer is an inevitable trend. In this paper, a self-propelled high-profile sprayer sprayer is designed, which includes high-efficiency self-propelled chassis, efficient and safe control of field vegetables

and rice pests and weeds.

Key words：Plant protection machinery Efficient Safety control

目 录

1 绪论………………….……………………………………………………………………………………1

1.1 研究背景与意义............................................................................................1

1.2 国内外研究现状...…………………………………………………………………………1

1.2.1喷雾机国内研究状况..………………..……………………………………………………1

1.2.2喷雾机国外研究状况.............................…………………………………………………6

1.3 研究内容及依据...……………………………………………………………………7

1.3.1设计内容要求…….…….……………..…………………………………………………7

1.3.2设计依据……..…….……………….…………………………………………………7

2 喷雾机喷雾系统设计.........……………………………………………………………………………….9

2.1 喷雾系统设计思路……………………………………………………………………………9

2.2 喷头的选择......………....…………………………………………………………………10

2.3 供液系统的选择....................…………………………………………………11

2.3.1液泵的选择….………….……………………………………………………………11

2.3.2药箱的设计…..…..…….……………………………………………………………12

3 喷雾机喷杆设计...............……………………………………………………………………..…...……13

3.1喷杆设计思路.…………....…………………………………………………………13

3.2喷杆的基本组成…………………...…………………………………………………13

3.3 喷杆的工作原理…………………………………………………………………………14

3.4喷杆主要部件的设计……………………………………………………………………15

3.4.1底座和升降机构的设计……………………………………………………………......15

3.4.2连接机构的设计……..…………………………………………………………………16

3.4.3喷杆的优化.............…………………………………………………………………17

4喷雾施药系统………………………………….……………………………………………………...…19

4.1喷雾施药精量化……............…………………………………………………………………19

4.2施药系统.............…………………………………………………………………19

5结论………………………………………………………………………………..............…21

5.1总结…...............………………………………………………………………........…21

5.2本文创新点……..........…………………………………………………………………21

5.3期望.............……………………………………………………………….........…21

致谢…………………………………………………………………………………………….23

参考文献 ……………………………………………………………………………………….24

1 绪论

1.1研究背景与意义