摘 要

随着时代的发展，人们所使用的机床也正在逐步的更新换代，由之前单一设计的传统机床向越来越多功能化的组合机床过渡。相较于组合机床，传统机床其仅仅对某单个零件进行加工的方式，不但让生产的批次远远不如组合机床，而且加工精度方面也与组合机床有很大差距。由传统机床向组合机床的发展，也正是从单刀加工向多刀加工，单面加工向多面加工，单工位加工向多工位加工，小批量生产向大批量生产的跨越式飞跃。工人可以使用组合机床来完成钻孔、扩孔、磨削、铣削等一系列工序。对于柴油机机体的设计制造，加工其机体反面的7孔，需设计一种钻床组合机床及其夹具，一方面需保证其加工的经济性，另一方面还需体现其大批量生产时加工的效率。本课题针对柴油机设计一种组合钻床及其夹具，一方面让柴油机的生产效率得以大幅度提升，另一方面也让组合机床的加工精度更为可靠。

此次设计的图纸，包含了工序图，加工示意图，主轴箱图，夹具图，夹具体图以及机床联系尺寸图，结合设计说明书一并完成对该D180机体反面7孔组合钻床及夹具设计。

关键词：柴油机；组合机床；钻孔；夹具；主轴箱

Abstract

With the development of the times, the machine tools used by people are also being gradually updated, from the traditional machine tools designed solely before to more and more functional modular machine tools. Compared with the modular machine tool, the traditional machine tool only processes a single part, which not only makes the batch production far inferior to the modular machine tool, but also has a great gap with the modular machine tool in processing accuracy. The development from traditional machine tools to modular machine tools is also a leap forward from single-tool processing to multi-tool processing, from single-side processing to multi-side processing, from single-station processing to multi-station processing, and from small-batch production to large-scale production. Workers can use modular machine tools to complete a series of processes such as drilling, reaming, grinding and milling. For the design and manufacture of 7 holes on the reverse side of diesel engine block and the processing of 7 holes on the reverse side of diesel engine block, it is necessary to design a drilling machine tool and its fixture. On the one hand, it is necessary to ensure the economy of its processing, on the other hand, it is also necessary to reflect the efficiency of its mass production. This topic designs a combined drilling machine and its fixture for diesel engine. On the one hand, the efficiency of diesel engine can be greatly improved, on the other hand, the machining accuracy of the combined machine tool can be more reliable.

The design drawings, including process drawings, processing schematic drawings, spindle box drawings, fixture drawings, fixture body drawings and machine tool contact dimension drawings, combined with the design instructions, complete the design of the D180 body reverse 7-hole combination drilling machine and fixture.

Key words:Diesel engine; modular machine tool; drilling hole; fixture; spindle box.

目录

1．组合机床的概述 1

1.1组合机床的组成及特点 1

1.2组合机床未来的发展趋势 1

1.3组合机床的配置类型 2

1.4组合机床的加工范围和生产精度 2

1.5组合机床的经济效益和技术分析 2

1.6组合机床的国内外研究现状 3

2. 组合机床总体设计 5

2.1组合机床的设计步骤 5

2.1.1拟订方案层次 5

2.1.2技术设计层次 5

2.1.3加工设计层次 5

2.2组合机床方案的编制 5

2.2.1对于加工方案造成影响的主要因素 5

2.2.2箱体类零件主要定位面的选择 6

2.3 切削用量的确定及刀具的挑选 7

2.3.1刀具的挑选 7

2.3.2切削用量的确定 7

2.3.3确定切削力、切削扭矩、切削功率及刀具耐用度 7

2.4组合机床总体设计-三图一卡 9

2.4.1工序图 9

2.4.2加工示意图 9

2.4.3机床联系尺寸图 12

2.4.4机床生产率计算卡 15

3. 组合机床主轴箱设计 18

3.1主轴箱概述 18

3.2主轴箱设计 18

3.2.1绘制主轴箱设计原始依据图 18

3.2.2主轴结构形式选择 19

3.2.3传动系统的设计与计算 19

3.2.4绘制主轴箱总装图及零件图 23

4. 组合机床及夹具设计 24

4.1夹具的作用 24

4.2夹具的总体设计 24

4.2.1夹具的设计步骤 24

4.2.2夹具体的设计 24

4.3夹具主要零件设计 25

4.3.1支承板 25

4.3.2定位销 26

4.3.3压板、压块 26

4.3.4钻模板 26

4.4夹紧机构的选择和设计 26

4.5 夹具总图的绘制 28

4.5.1绘制夹具装配图 28

4.5.2绘制夹具体图 29

4.5.3夹具总图上应表示的内容 30

4.5.4绘制总图的程序和要求 30

4.5.5夹具总图上的主要尺寸以及技术条件 31

总 结 32

致 谢 33

参 考 文 献 34

1 组合机床的概述

1.1组合机床的组成及特点

组成组合机床的基础就是通用部件,可以说通用部件占了组合机床的绝大多数零部件的比例。动力部件是指单轴工艺切削头、传动装置、动力箱、进给滑台等，被称为用来实现机床切削和进给运动的通用部件。支承部件是指侧底座、立柱、立柱底座等，被称为用来安装动力零部件的通用部件。

组合机床拥有以下优点: