一种新鲜银杏果去壳机(传动机构)设计毕业论文

 2021-04-07 01:04

摘 要

银杏是上等的保健品,银杏果内含有多种营养物质及诸多人体所需要的微量元素。近年来,人们对其极高的食用价值和药用价值的认识不断提高,进而引起对银杏果的大量需求。我国也是银杏果的重要产地,如何让银杏产业更好更快的发展越来越成为较为突出的问题。这就对银杏的加工环节提出了更高的要求,如何设计一种更加便于银杏去壳的机构成为提高银杏加工效率的关键。传统的加工方法中,因为银杏果壳与果仁之间具有间隔小的特点,所以更为广泛采用的是人工进行破壳的方法,严重限制了生产效率,增加了生产成本。

由于银杏果的物理特性将会对破壳机构的设计产生影响,本文中首先对银杏果的物理特性进行了分析,主要包括银杏果的常见物理特征和相关参数(果壳厚度和银杏果密度)的测定方法。其后,使用UG软件对银杏果的三维模型进行了参数化建模,经过网格划分,确定边界条件以后,利用ANSYS Workbanch有限元软件分别从X、Y、Z三个方向上对银杏果的破壳力学特性进行了研究,分析结果表明,沿Y轴加载计算得到的应力主体沿果体侧棱对称分布,形状呈椭圆形,此时果壳破裂具有方向性,更有利于裂纹扩展;为破壳方案的确定提供了理论参考。通过有限元分析,并参照国内外相关破壳机构的设计,确定了本课题中的银杏果破壳的设计原理,采用左右夹板施加载荷的方式,使银杏果进行破壳。最后,确定好各部件的相关参数后,通过使用UG软件对整机的三维模型进行了建模,设计出了破壳机构的三维模型。

关键词:银杏果;破壳;传动机构;破壳效率

ABSTRACT

Ginkgo biloba is a superior health care product. Ginkgo biloba contains a variety of nutrients and many trace elements needed by the human body. In recent years, people's awareness of their extremely high food value and medicinal value has increased, which has led to a large demand for ginkgo fruit. China is also an important producer of ginkgo fruit. How to make the ginkgo industry develop better and faster has become a more prominent problem. This puts higher requirements on the processing of ginkgo. How to design a mechanism that is more convenient for ginkgo husking is the key to improving the processing efficiency of ginkgo. In the traditional processing method, because of the small spacing between the ginkgo husk and the nuts, the method of artificially breaking the shell is more widely used, which severely limits the production efficiency and increases the production cost.

Since the physical properties of Ginkgo biloba will affect the design of the shell-breaking mechanism, the physical properties of Ginkgo biloba are first analyzed, including the common physical characteristics and related parameters of Ginkgo biloba (shell thickness and ginkgo fruit density). Method of determination. Then, the 3D model of Ginkgo biloba was parametrically modeled using UG software. After the boundary conditions were determined by meshing, the ANSYS Workbanch finite element software was used to separate the ginkgo fruit from X, Y and Z directions. The mechanical properties of the shell were studied. The results show that the stress body calculated along the Y-axis is symmetrically distributed along the side edges of the fruit, and the shape is elliptical. At this time, the crack of the shell has directionality, which is more conducive to crack propagation. The determination of the shell-breaking scheme provides a theoretical reference. Through the finite element analysis and referring to the design of the relevant shell-breaking mechanism at home and abroad, the design principle of the ginkgo fruit shell in this subject was determined, and the ginkgo fruit was broken by applying the load on the left and right splints. Finally, after determining the relevant parameters of each component, the 3D model of the whole machine was modeled by using UG software, and the 3D model of the shell-breaking mechanism was designed.

Key words: Ginkgo nut; Shelling; Transmission mechanism; Shelling efficiency

目 录

摘 要 I

ABSTRACT II

第1章 绪 论 1

1.1 引言 1

1.2 研究目的及意义 1

1.3 国内外研究现状和发展趋势 3

1.3.1国内外研究现状 3

1.3.2破壳设备的发展 4

1.4 研究内容和技术难点 6

第2章 银杏果的物理特性 7

2.1银杏鲜果的物理特征 7

2.2部分物理特征测定 8

2.2.1果壳厚度测定 8

2.2.1银杏鲜果密度测定 9

第3章 破壳力学特性分析 10

3.1建立三维模型 10

3.2建立有限元受力模型 11

3.2.1材料属性的确定 11

3.2.1网格划分 11

3.3确定边界条件 12

3.4数值模拟结果分析 12

3.4.1X方向 12

3.4.1Y方向 13

3.4.1Z方向 13

第4章 机构总体设计方案 14

4.1电动机选择 14

4.1.1电动机功率 14

4.2传输机构 14

4.2.1链轮的设计 14

4.2.2滚子链的设计 15

4.3工作原理 16

第5章 机构三维建模 16

5.1SolidWorks三维软件简介 16

5.2链轮三维建模 17

5.3链条三维建模 17

5.4间歇机构(拨盘和驱动槽轮) 18

5.5总体装配 18

结 论 20

参考文献 21

致 谢 22

第1章 绪 论

1.1 引言

银杏果是一种富含诸多营养元素的果实。我们常知道的营养元素除淀粉、蛋白质、脂肪、糖类以外,还含有很多人体中必须的微量元素,这些微量元素是我们所必须的,例如,胡萝卜素、钙、磷、铁、钾、镁、维生素c,核黄素、等微量元素,同时,它含有银杏酸、白果酚、五碳多糖、脂固醇等营养成分。通过长期的食用银杏果,可以给我们带来很多的好处。它往往可以帮助我们益肺气、治咳喘、止带浊、缩小便、平皴皱、护血管和增加血流量。大量的医学研究证实,银杏具有很多医学价值,比如通畅血管、改善大脑功能、延缓老年人大脑衰老、增强记忆能力、治疗老年痴呆症和脑供血不足。近年来,银杏的药用价值越来越凸显出来。

近年来,政府不断的在加强发展旅游产业,这就导致了对银杏的需求量也在逐步的上升。银杏产量最大的两个身份一个是江苏,另一个是山东。他们的种植出来的银杏和有关银杏的副食品出口到国外,加工厂以前都是依靠手工来去壳,生产节奏已经跟不上时代的步伐了,所以提高银杏的生产效率显得尤为的重要。

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