摘 要

四轴数控机床在当今工业生产中应用广泛，是机械自动化的一个重要发展方向。随着可持续技术的发展和社会生产力的不断进步，机械产品的结构日趋复杂，机械产品的质量和生产率的要求也越来越高。因此需不断提高机床的加工精度、性能、可靠性以及人工智能化程度，来满足日益增长的生产需要。四轴控制的数控机床在三轴联动形式的基础上，增加了旋转轴控制要素，即数控分度盘，因此要更加灵活、精确。本次毕业设计将以四轴立式数控加工中心为例，采用60度床身，刀具立式布置，以便于排屑。对机床本体结构、控制系统等进行设计与创新，以辅助在工业实践中的生产操作，提高设备的实际使用效率，从而提高生产实践的质量和效率。

关键词：四轴控制；数控机床；数控分度盘；立式加工中心

Design of Four-axis CNC Machine Tool Body and Control System

ABSTRACT

Four-axis CNC machine tools are widely used in today's industrial production, which is an important development direction of mechanical automation. With the development of sustainable technology and the continuous progress of social productivity, the structure of mechanical products is becoming more and more complex, and the quality and productivity requirements of mechanical products are getting higher and higher. Therefore, it is necessary to continuously improve the accuracy, performance, reliability and artificial intelligence of machine tools to meet the growing production needs. On the basis of three-axis linkage, four-axis CNC machine tools add control elements of rotating axis, i.e. CNC indexing disk, so they are more flexible and accurate. This graduation project will take the four-axis vertical CNC machining center as an example, using a 60-degree bed, vertical cutter layout, in order to facilitate chip removal. The design and innovation of machine tool ontology structure and control system are carried out to assist the production operation in industrial practice, improve the actual use efficiency of equipment, and thus improve the quality and efficiency of production practice.

Key words：Four-axis control; CNC machine tool; CNC indexing plate; Vertical Machining Center

目 录

1设计目的......................................................................1

2设计任务......................................................................2

3总体方案确定..................................................................3

3.1机械传动部件的选择....................................................3

3.11丝杠螺母副的选择.................................................3

3.12导轨副的选用.....................................................3

3.13伺服电机的选用...................................................3

3.2控制系统的设计........................................................4

4机械传动部件的计算与选型......................................................5

4.1导轨上移动部件重量估算................................................5

4.2铣削力的计算..........................................................5

4.3滚动导轨的设计计算与选型..............................................6

4.31工作载荷的计算...................................................6

4.32额定寿命计算.....................................................7

4.33额定动载荷计算...................................................7

4.34滚动导轨的产品选型...............................................7

4.4滚珠丝杠的传动计算及强度校核..........................................8

4.41滚珠丝杠的传动计算...............................................8

4.42滚珠丝杠的选型...................................................8

4.43滚珠丝杠的强度校核..............................................10

4.5数控分度盘的选型.....................................................11

4.6联轴器的选择.........................................................1

5步进电机的传动计算与电机选型.................................................13

5.1传动计算.............................................................13

5.2步进电机的选型.......................................................14

6控制系统的设计...............................................................17

6.1步进电机的驱动.......................................................17

6.2电气控制图的绘制.....................................................18

7机床本体结构示意图及装配图...................................................21

总结与反思....................................................................22

致谢..........................................................................23

参考文献......................................................................24

1设计目的

通过大学四年的学习以及实践教学环节，从机械制造基础，到数控技术、机电传动控制，再到生产实习，金工实习等等，从理论层次到实践层次，我们已经对数控机床的本体结构、伺服控制系统等相关的知识已经有了较为全面的了解。本次毕业设计的目的就是如何把课堂上学到的这些知识加以熟练地掌握和应用，做到理论与实践相结合，以理论辅佐实践，把数控机床产品开发的的基本思路和步骤熟练掌握，并作出一些必要的创新。在实践创新中检验并巩固学生在大学四年中所学到的专业知识，培养学生的实践动手能力，加深学生对本专业生产实践内容的了解，提高专业素养，为毕业以后的就业或者说进一步的深度学习打下坚实的基础。

2设计任务