摘 要

我国农林业病虫害严重，对于植保机械的研究起步较晚。对喷雾试验台的研究，有助于提高喷雾技术，促进农林业植保机械的发展。因此设计了一套喷雾试验台系统。该系统分成控制系统，供液系统和性能测试系统。控制系统由PLC MCGS组态技术来实现恒压，恒流的监控功能，控制电动调节阀的开度。供液系统主要由过滤器，安全阀，压力传感器，流量计，手动调节阀，电动调节阀等组成。性能测试系统主要由喷头高度调节装置，收集装置等组成。通过该实验系统能够了解喷头在使用时它的流量、压力、雾滴分布均匀性等要主参数。通过改变喷头的高度，流量，压力能够了解喷头在不同情况下的喷雾效果。

关键词：植保机械；喷雾试验台；压力；流量；雾滴分布均匀性

Spray test-bed system design

ABSTRACT

Agricultural and forestry pest in china is serious and the study on plant protection machinery started late.The study on spray test-bed is good for the improvement of spray technology and it also can develop the plant protection machinery.So we design a set of spray test-bed system.The system includes control system, hydraulic system and performance-test system.Performance-test system uses PLC MCGS technology to monitor the output of the pressure and flow via constant-current control function and it can control the opening-degree of the electric control valve.Hydraulic system consists of filter, safety valve, pressure sensor, flowmeter, manual control valve, electric control valve and so on.Performance-test system

Mainly includes device for adjusting the height of nozzle, collecting device.We can know the nozzle’s pressure, flow ，droplet uniformity of distribution . We can know the different spray result by changing the nozzle’s height,flow and pressure.

Keywords: plant protection machinery; spray test-bed; pressure; flow; droplet uniformity of distribution

目 录

1绪论..............................................................................................................................................................1

1.1 研究背景和意义................................................................................................................................1

1.2国内外研究现状.................................................................................................................................2

1.2.1国外研究现状..........................................................................................................................2

1.2.2国内研究现状.....................………………………………………………….........................3

1.3 本文主要的设计工作........................................................................................................................4

2 喷雾试验台总体设计...................................………..................................................................................6

3 系统结构设计.............................................................................................................................................8

3.1性能测试系统设计.............................................................................................................................8

3.1.1集雾槽设计 …………………………………………………................................................9

3.1.2试管翻板机构设计以及试管选取.........................................................................................10

3.1.3喷头高度可调节装置设计.....................................................................................................11

3.2 供液系统支架和管道设计...............................................................................................................12

3.2.1仪表部分的管道和支架设计.................................................................................................12

3.2.2水泵外围支架设计.................................................................................................................13

3.3控制柜设计........................................................................................................................................13

3.4本章小结............................................................................................................................................15

4 喷雾试验台供液系统设计………………………………………………………………………………17

4.1供液系统方案分析……………………………………………………………………....................17

4.2供液系统管径计算...........................................................................................................................18

4.3阀门与管道附件的选择……………………………………………………………………............19

4.3.1手动调节阀选择.....................................................................................................................19

4.3.2电动调节阀选择......................................................................................................................20

4.3.2.1流量特性的选择......................................................................................................20