摘 要

本文首先进行了直流电动机的概述，具体描述了它的基本方程以及直流电动机的工作特性，机械特性，启动特性，调速特性和制动特性并且使用MATLAB软件仿真。之后仿真包括直流发电机的自激，直流发电机外特性以及空载特性。

论文分为7大部分，第一部分描述了选题的背景与目的，国内外研究现状以及本文的研究内容。第二部分具体介绍了直流电机仿真平台，MATLAB软件概述，包括它的背景和基础知识以及编程方法，并且举例说明。之后Simulink仿真功能详解，举例说明。第三部分进行直流电动机机械特性仿真，运用MATLAB进行程序设计得出仿真结果，得出转矩和转速的曲线图。之后章节分别介绍了直流电动机的启动特性，调速特性以及制动特性的机械特性仿真图。最后介绍了直流发电机自激的仿真，外特性的仿真和空载特性的仿真。

关键词:直流电动机；MATLAB；Simulink；机械特性；仿真

Dc motor features of simulation system development

ABSTRACT

This article has described the overview of dc motor，basic equations and the working characteristic，mechanical properties, the start ,speed regulation and braking characteristics of dc motor。Using the MATLAB software to simulate，technology to the simulation using MATLAB Simulink containing self-excitation of dc generator and external characteristic simulation.

The thesis has been divided into nine parts. The first part has described background, purpose and the structure of the content . The second part, dc motor has been introduced including the basic equations. Then the article has introduced the dc generator. The third part has done sbout MATLAB software including its background, basic knowledge and the use of examples. Then simulink simulation technology has been described. Part four is performance of simulation about mechanic properties.The other parts have described about start, speed regulation and the braking characteristics. Then self-excitation of dc generator and external characteristic simulation have been written. At last, the article has introduced working characteristic of dc generator including no-load characteristic, load characteristic and external characteristic.

Keywords：DC motor；Matlab；Simulink；Mechanical properties：；the simulation

目 录

1.绪论...............................................................................................................................................1

1.1引言........................................................................................................................................1

1.2选题背景与目的....................................................................................................................1

1.3国内外研究现状....................................................................................................................2

1.4本文的研究内容....................................................................................................................3

2.直流电机仿真平台简介................................................................................................................4

2.1MATLAB概述............................................................................................... .... ......................4

2.2编程方法...............................................................................................................................4

2.3Simulink仿真功能...............................................................................................................6

3.直流电动机的机械特性................................................................................................................7

3.1机械特性表达式...................................................................................................................7

3.2机械特性matlab编程与仿真.............................................................................................8

4.直流电动机的启动特性..............................................................................................................10

4.1直接启动.............................................................................................................................10

4.2降压启动.............................................................................................................................12

4.3电枢回路串电阻启动.........................................................................................................12

5.直流电动机的调速特性..............................................................................................................13

5.1电枢回路串电阻调速法.....................................................................................................13

5.2调磁调速法.........................................................................................................................14

5.3调压调速法.........................................................................................................................14

6.直流电动机的制动特性..............................................................................................................16

6.1能耗制动.............................................................................................................................16