摘 要

激光扫描装置是，在被测物体表面上方,用一束激光以一定的角度照射,激光在物体表面发生反射或者散射,在另一个角度用成像系统对激光反射或散射光进行汇聚成像,被测物体上激光照射所产生的光斑的位置变化,光反射或散射的角度也会变化,用光学系统对光线进行汇聚,光斑成像在CCD或者PSD位置传感器上,沿激光方向当被测物体发生移动时,位置传感器上的成像光斑就会发生移动,其位移对应物体移动距离,从而间接的实现激光测量。

本文先介绍了激光扫描装置的原理，以及国内外研究的近况，以便于对本装置系统更深刻的认识。随后介绍了该文研究对象—激光扫描装置的各个组成部分，以及各个部分的运行参数。这个设备的工作原理如下：由伺服控制系统、PLC和触摸屏来控制平皮带传输被测物，进行激光扫描部分的测量扫描。

本文需要我做的事情就是如何来控制传送皮带，如何通过对西门子200的PLC和伺服系统部分的设计来使传送带正常输送。

然后，根据具体的控制要求，电路和系统设计已经完成，包含必要的电气控制图、具体的接线图和PLC程序梯形图。

最后进行了实际的调试与实验，完成了本次设计。

关键词： 激光三角测距 PLC 伺服系统

Abstract

Laser scanning means is, above the object surface, with a beam of laser light is irradiated at a certain angle, laser light is reflected or scattered on the surface of the object, in another point with a laser imaging system for converging the reflected or scattered light image, measured changes in spot position of laser irradiation on the object generated by the angle of the light reflected or scattered will change, with an optical system to light were brought together, the spot on the CCD, or PSD position sensor, the laser along the direction of movement occurs when the object imaging spot position sensor on the move occurs, which corresponds to the displacement of the moving distance of the object, and thus indirectly the realization of laser measurement.

Beginning of this article first introduces the principle of laser triangulation, and the status of domestic and international research, in order to present a more profound understanding of the system unit. The paper then describes the object of study - the various components of the laser scanning device, and operating parameters of each section.

  First, the device works as follows: the servo control system, PLC and touch screen to control the flat belt transmission of the measured object, measurement scanning laser scanning portion.

  And I need to do is how to control the conveyor belts, how Siemens PLC servo system 200 and part of the design to make the belt normal delivery.

  Then, depending on the control requirements, circuit and system design has been completed, including the necessary electrical control charts, detailed wiring diagram and PLC ladder program.

  Finally, the actual debugging and experiments, completed this design.

Keywords:laser triangulation PLC server system

目 录

摘 要.......................................................................i

Abstract.....................................................................ii

第一章 前言.................................................................1

1.1 课题研究背景........................................................1

1.2 国内外研究现状和趋势................................................1

1.3 本课题研究对象激光扫描实验装置介绍..................................2

1.4本文的主要工作.......................................................5

1. 激光三角测距系统基本原理与总体设计....................................7

2.1 激光三角法基本原理...................................................7

2.1.1 斜射式激光三角法.................................................7

2.1.2 直射式激光三角法.................................................8

第三章 激光扫描实验装置电气控制系统设计.....................................11

3.1 电气控制系统总体设计思路............................................11

3.2 电气控制系统设计要求................................................12

3.3 电气控制系统方案选择................................................12

3.3.1 控制系统选择....................................................13

3.4 电气控制系统总体方案设计............................................13

3.4.1 总体方案设计....................................................13

第四章 激光扫描实验装置硬件系统设计..........................................18

4.1 交流伺服系统设计....................................................18

4.1.1 交流伺服系统控制技术指标........................................18

4.1.2 交流伺服系统的选型..............................................18

4.1.3 交流伺服系统控制方式选择........................................19

4.1.4 交流伺服系统主电路设计..........................................20

4.2 PLC系统设计........................................................21

4.2.1 PLC的选型......................................................21

4.2.2 PLC的I/O分配..................................................22

4.2.3 PLC 的电气图与接线图............................................22

4.3 电气控制柜介绍......................................................28

第五章 激光扫描实验装置软件系统设计..........................................30