摘 要

我国的森林一直遭受着病虫害的威胁，每年因病虫害损失的经济都要高达上千万以上。常规的喷雾机喷雾的穿透性、覆盖性都不能达到所要的标准，我国的喷雾技术还存在着浪费农药严重、环境污染大等突出问题。本次课题研究的智能对靶喷雾机是一种利用先进电子眼技术，选定目标后进行定量定位的喷雾，可以实现对农药的精喷洒，减少浪费，实现了更高效的喷雾提高了喷雾机机械的现代化、智能化水平。本毕业设计论文对智能对靶喷雾机进行了一次总体的本体设计，对智能对靶喷雾机的动力系统、支撑系统、风送系统以及喷雾系统都进行了一次总体的设计和选型介绍。

本次论文主要研究了智能对靶喷雾机的总体设计，对本体设计进行了探索与创新，对机架进行了改进，能让喷雾机在不同的地形，对不同的靶标、不同的喷雾需求切换喷雾形态。主要是对中间的一根长形连杆进行了设计改进，使其分为三段，两侧与中间的连杆采用合页连接，让侧边合页连杆能够借助合页与中间合页连杆发生角度转动，两者垂直时为喷雾方式一，两者平行时为喷雾方式二。另外把竖直支撑杆的两根设计成伸缩杆，这样还可以根据喷雾的高度需求调节高度。

关键词：智能对靶；总体设计；合页连杆；切换喷雾形态；机架；

ABSTRACT

Forest of our country has been suffering from the threat of plant diseases and insect pests, every year in plant diseases and insect pests of economic loss is as high as more than tens of millions. Conventional sprayer spray penetrability, coverage can reach to the standard, the spray technology in China, there are serious waste of pesticide, such outstanding problems as environmental pollution. This topic research of intelligence to target sprayer is a use of advanced digital technology, selected target positioning quantitatively after spray, can achieve fine spraying of pesticides, reduce waste, realize the more efficient spray to improve the sprayer machinery modernization, intelligent level. This graduation design paper for smart to target sprayer conducted an overall frame design, the intelligent power of target sprayer system, support system, wind system and spray system were conducted an overall design and type selection is introduced.

This paper mainly studies the overall design of the intelligence of target sprayer for ontology design has carried on the exploration and innovation, the rack is improved, can make the sprayer in different terrain, in different target, different spray needs to switch the spray form. Mainly on the connecting rod in the middle of a long shape design improvement, make its can be divided into three sections, and in the middle of the connecting rod connected by hinges on both sides, make the side hinge connecting rod can be moved with the hinge with middle hinge connecting rod Angle, one vertical to a spray way, both for spray way two parallel. In addition to the two design of the vertical support bar into a telescopic rod, it also can adjust the height according to the requirements of the height of the spray.

Key words：Intelligence of target; The overall design; Hinge connecting rod; Switch the spray form; Frame;

目 录

第一章 绪论 1

1.1 研究背景、目的及意义 1

1.1.1 研究背景 1

1.1.2 研究目的 1

1.1.3 研究意义 2

1.2 国内外研究状况 3

1.2.1国外研究状况 3

1.2.2 国内研究状况 4

1.2.3 目前发展趋势 6

1.3 论文研究内容 6

1.4 本章小结 6

第二章 智能对靶喷雾机总体设计 7

2.1 智能对靶喷雾机的整体结构组成部份 7

2.2 智能对靶喷雾机的工作原理 7

2.3 智能对靶喷雾机喷雾方式切换的变形设计 8

2.4 本章小结 9

第三章 智能对靶喷雾机动力系统和支撑系统设计 11

3.1 动力系统设计 11

3.1.1 农用拖拉机的选型介绍 11

3.1.2 减速器的选型介绍及其安装结构设计 11

3.1.3 动力传输选用方式分析设计 12

3.2 支撑系统设计 12

3.2.1 风机安装的机架设计 12

3.2.2 水箱安装的机架设计 13

3.2.3 泵与减速器安装的机架设计 14

3.2.4 风管及水管的安装机架设计 15

3.2.5 农用拖拉机与后部机架的链接设计 17

3.2.6 切换喷雾形式的连杆、合页设计 18

3.2.7 改变喷雾高度的伸缩杆的设计 20

3.3 本章小结 20

第四章 智能对靶喷雾机风送系统和喷雾系统设计 22

4.1 风送系统设计 22

4.1.1 风机的设计介绍 22

4.1.2 风管的选型介绍 23

4.2 喷雾系统设计 23

4.2.1 泵的选型介绍 23

4.2.2 水箱的选型介绍及结构设计 24

4.2.3 水管的选型介绍 24

4.2.4 喷头的设计 25

4.3 本章小结 25

结 论 26

致 谢 27

参考文献 28

附录 29