摘 要

本文通过研究风洞在空气动力学方面的应用，了解到它是按照特殊用途设计而成的管道装置，通过人工控制管道中气体的流动状态，以模拟真实大气环境。所以本文的工作集中在雾滴漂移的研究工作中，风洞试验有着非常重要的作用。风洞试验的流场品质会直接影响风洞实验结果的准确性和可靠性，所以设计一个低速风洞实验装置以满足施药过程中雾滴漂移试验。风洞的原理是使用动力装置在一个专门设计的管道内驱动一股可控气流，使其流过安置在实验段，模拟液滴在空气中的运动。测量作用在液滴上的空气动力，观测液滴飘移及周围的流动现象。根据相似理论将实验结果整理成可用于实物的相似准数。实验段是风洞的中心部件，实验段流场应模拟真实流场，其气流品质如均匀度、稳定度（指参数随时间变化的情况）、湍流度等，应达到一定指标。运用机械原理、机械设计、流体力学、空气动力学等知识，采用AutoCAD、Pro\E等设计和软件设计风洞的结构和外观，包括具体零部件的尺寸、材料和加工方案等。

关键词：空气动力学；低速风洞；雾滴漂移

General structure design of wind tunnel

ABSTRACT

In this paper, by studying the application of wind tunnel in the aspect of aerodynamics, realized that it was designed according to the special purpose of pipework, by artificial control gas flow state in pipeline to simulate a real atmospheric environment.So the work of this paper focuses on the study of the droplet drift, wind tunnel test has a very important role.Wind tunnel experiments of flow field quality will directly influence the veracity and reliability of wind tunnel experimental results, so the design of a low speed wind tunnel experiment device to satisfy the droplets drift in the process of applying pesticide experiments.The principle of the wind tunnel is to use a power plant to drive a controlled flow of air in a specially designed tube to flow through the experimental section, to simulate the movement of the droplets in the air. Measurement of aerodynamic force acting on the droplet, droplet drift and flow phenomena around. According to the similarity theory, the experimental results can be sorted into the similar number of similar objects. Experimental section is the center part of wind tunnel, the flow field in the experimental section should simulate the real flow field, the flow quality such as uniformity and stability (referring to the parameters with the time change, turbulence, should reach a certain target.With mechanical principle, mechanical design, fluid mechanics, aerodynamics, such as knowledge, use the design such as AutoCAD, Pro/E and software design of the wind tunnel structure and appearance, including the specific size, materials and components processing scheme, etc.

Key words：aerodynamics；low speed wind tunnel；the droplet drift

目 录

1 绪论.......................................................................................................1 1.1 课题研究目的和意义.......................................................................................1 1.2 国内外研究现状...............................................................................................2

1.2.1 国内外研究................................................................................2

1.2.2 风洞在农林业中的用途.............................................................5

1.2.3 风洞在昆虫研究方面的应用......................................................8

2 风洞设计原理与程序...............................................................................9

2.1 风洞的分类及其设计特点................................................................................9

2.1.1 风洞的分类.............................................................................................9

2.1.2 风洞的样式.............................................................................................9

2.1.3 低速风洞的设计特点.............................................................................9

2.2 风洞的工作原理................................................................................................9

2.3 风洞型式的选取..............................................................................................10

2.4 风洞设计程序..................................................................................................10

3 低速直流式风洞设计.............................................................................11

3.1 概述..................................................................................................................11

3.2 试验段..............................................................................................................12

3.2.1 试验段口径...........................................................................................12

3.2.2 试验段界面形状...................................................................................13

3.2.3 试验段长度...........................................................................................14

3.2.4 闭口试验段的边界层影响...................................................................14