摘 要

我国林果产业正蓬勃发展。近年来，矮化密植种植成为部分林果，尤其是红枣的主要种植方式，种植面积在不断增加。但采收却依靠人工进行，劳动强度大、生产率低且劳动力短缺、劳动力成本高，机械化程度较低，难以满足现在我国林果产业对于产量的要求，因此，需要一种可以完成对矮化密植枣树的连续性采收的机械。本研究课题为红枣收获机设计了一台做前期研究用的试验台。激振装置是整个实验台的核心部分，本文通过理论研究确定了偏心圆盘式的激振方式，偏心距为10mm，其振动频率为960r/min。在集果装置方面，利用按一定角度排列的弹性板，即鱼鳞板作为集果装置采收红枣，可做到落果率96%，果实损伤率在5%以下。然后设计传送带来模拟收获机与枣树之间的相对运动，并使电机通过减速器与传送带相连，减速器的减速比为1:20，输出轴转速48r/min，传送带的速度为0.7m/s。而激振装置直接通过联轴器直接与电动机相连。

关键词：矮化密植；激振装置；集果装置；红枣

Design of test bench for fruit collection and harvesting device

ABSTRACT

China's fruit industry is booming. In recent years, dwarf and close planting become some fruit planting, especially the main planting patterns of jujube, planting area is increasing. But the harvest is still relying on artificial, with high labor intensity, low productivity and labor shortage, high labor costs, and the lower the degree of mechanization. Now China's fruit industry is difficult to meet the requirements for production. Therefore, there is a need for a machine that can complete the continuous harvest of jujube trees in dwarf close planting. This project for the jujube harvester designed a pre-study with the test bed. The excitation device is the core part of the whole test bed. In this paper, the eccentric disc type excitation mode is determined by theoretical study. The eccentricity is 10mm and its vibration frequency is 960r/min. In the fruit set device, the use of a certain degree of arrangement of the elastic plate, that is, the fish plate as a fruit set to harvest jujube, can be a net yield of 96%, fruit damage rate of 5% or less. And then designed the conveyor belt to simulate the relative movement between the harvester and the jujube, and the motor through the reducer and conveyor belt connected, reducer gear ratio of 1:20, the output shaft speed 48r/min, the conveyor speed of 0.7m/s. And the exciting device is directly connected with the motor directly through the coupling.

Key words：Dwarfing and close planting；Fruit collecting device；Red dates；Set fruit device

目 录

1 绪论……………………………………………………………………………………………1

1.1 研究的目的及意义………………………………………………………………………2

1.2 国内外研究现状…………………………………………………………………………2

1.2.1 国外研究状况……………………………………………………………………2

1.2.1 国内研究状况……………………………………………………………………3

1.3 现状分析…………………………………………………………………………………3

1.4 本章小结…………………………………………………………………………………3

2 总体方案拟定………………………………………………………………………………4

2.1 方案对比分析…………………………………………………………………………4

2.1.1 4YS-24型红枣收获机………………………………………………………4

2.1.2 核桃采收机械…………………………………………………………………4

2.1.3 4ZZ-4型自走式红枣收获机……………………………………………………4

2.2 总体方案设计…………………………………………………………………………5

2.3 本章小结………………………………………………………………………………6

3 关键部件的结构分析及设计…………………………………………………………………7

3.1 部件组成…………………………………………………………………………………7

3.2 激振装置的设计…………………………………………………………………………7

3.2.1 拨杆滚筒的设计…………………………………………………………………8

3.2.2 激振装置动力系统的选择………………………………………………………10

3.3 机架的设计……………………………………………………………………………10

3.4 传送带的设计…………………………………………………………………………11

3.4.1 带的设计…………………………………………………………………………11

3.4.2 带轮的设计………………………………………………………………………12

3.5 集果装置的设计………………………………………………………………………13

3.6 本章小结………………………………………………………………………………14

4 减速器设计……………………………………………………………………………………15

4.1 传动方案的拟定………………………………………………………………………15

4.2 电动机的选择…………………………………………………………………………15

4.3 运动参数及动力参数的计算…………………………………………………………16

4.4 传动零件的计算………………………………………………………………………17

4.4.1 圆锥齿轮的设计计算……………………………………………………………17

4.4.2 圆柱齿轮的设计计算……………………………………………………………19

4.4.3 轴的设计与计算…………………………………………………………………22

4.5 减速箱体机构尺寸……………………………………………………………………29

4.6 本章小结………………………………………………………………………………30

5 结论与展望……………………………………………………………………………………31

5.1 结论……………………………………………………………………………………31

5.2 展望……………………………………………………………………………………31

致谢………………………………………………………………………………………………32

参考文献…………………………………………………………………………………………33

1 绪论