摘 要

工业化的发展势必会带来更高的科技需求，普通的数控机床由于有着方方面面的局限性，难以满足一些特定零件的加工，这时候，激光切割机床应运而生。激光切割机床采用激光切割技术，能够切割复杂曲面的三维零件，如今它的技术发展日趋成熟，市场需求也越来越大，因此如何研制高性价比的机架成了重中之重。

本课题主要对五轴激光切割机的机架进行了设计，主要完成了X方向、Y方向以及Z方向上的传动系统的设计。设计过程中，对于各个方向上的传动机构进行了具体的设计分析以及计算校核，其中X轴和Y轴选用了齿轮齿条传动系统，Z轴因为是回转工作台连接的选用了精度相对较高的滚珠丝杠副传动系统。本次设计中具体对传动系统中的齿轮齿条、电机减速机、滚珠丝杠副、滚珠导轨进行了计算和选型。同时为了验证系统的可行性，对系统的刚度进行了分析。

三维五轴切割机床在现代加工中有着难以撼动的地位，它的成功研制打破了我国激光立体加工长期受制于德、日等发达国家的局面，大大提升了我国在汽车船舶、航空航天等方面的设备加工效率，切实增强了我国工业生产能力，大大增强了国力，为我国在国际竞争中提高了强有力的技术保障。

关键词：五轴激光切割机；机架设计；齿轮齿条；滚珠丝杆

Five-axis laser cutting machine frame design

Abstract

The development of industrialization is bound to bring higher demand for science and technology, ordinary CNC machine tools because of the limitations of all aspects, it is difficult to meet some specific parts of the processing, at this time, laser cutting machine tools came into being. The laser cutting machine tool USES the laser cutting technology, can cut the complex curved surface the three-dimensional part, nowadays its technical development day by day is mature, the market demand is also more and more big, therefore how develops the high performance-price ratio the frame to become the most important thing.

The subject of the five-axis laser cutting machine frame design, mainly completed the X direction, Y direction and Z direction of the transmission system design. During the design process, specific design analysis and calculation check were carried out for the transmission mechanism in all directions. Among them, the X axis and Y axis selected the rack and pinion transmission system, and the Z axis selected the ball screw pair transmission system with relatively high accuracy because of the rotary table connection. The design of the transmission system in the rack and pinion, motor reducer, ball screw pair, ball guide for the calculation and selection. In order to verify the feasibility of the system, the stiffness of the system is analyzed.

Three-dimensional five-axis cutting machine tool in the modern machining is difficult to shake the status, it successfully developed broke the three-dimensional laser processing to Germany for a long time in China, Japan and other developed countries, promoted our country greatly in the aspects of car shipping, aerospace equipment processing efficiency, strengthen the industrial production capacity in China, greatly enhance the national strength, for our country in the international competition improves the powerful technical support.

Key words：Five-axis laser cutting machine ；Rack design ；Rack and pinion；Ball screw rod

目录

1 绪论 1

1.1研究的目的及意义 1

1.2国内外研究状况 1

1.3任务设计 2

1.3.1总体设计方案分析 2

1.3.2基本步骤内容 2

2 总体设计方案 4

2.1主要设计参数及依据 7

2.2初步确定X，Y轴传动系统和Z轴传动系统的估算重量 7

2.3机架的设计 7

2.3.1机架的结构设计 7

2.3.2机架材料的选择 8

3 传动系统的设计 9

3.1X轴传动系统设计 9

3.1.1导轨的选型和计算 9

3.1.2 X轴电动机的选择 13

3.1.3 X轴减速器的选择 15

3.1.4齿轮齿条的设计 15

3.2Y轴传动系统设计 22

3.2.1导轨的选型和计算 22

3.2.2 Y轴电动机的选择 25

3.2.3 Y轴减速机的选择 26

3.2.4齿轮齿条的设计 26

3.3Z轴传动系统的设计 32

3.3.1丝杠的选型 32

3.3.2 Z轴电动机的选择 36

3.3.3 Z轴减速器的选择 37

3.3.4联轴器的选择 37

3.3.5连接杆强度校准 37

结 论 39

致 谢 40

参考文献 41

1 绪论

激光技术被誉为二十世纪最重要的科学发明之一，它的问世激起了材料科学界的轩然大波。而五轴激光切割机则是采用了激光技术的高端机床，它的应用更是包括各行各业，包括航空航天制造业、汽车轮船制造、各种工程机械等等[^[1]]。该设备具有以下特点： ⑴高架龙门式结构，通过横梁移动，加工空间大。⑵光纤激光器电光转换率高，比相同功率CO2 激光器能耗低60%，而且没有光路维护，也没有气体消耗，运行成本相对较低。⑶回转工作头能实现360°无限旋转，加工头快速更换，无需调节，提供更稳定的加工。传统三维件的加工方式不仅效率低下，而且切割效果也很粗糙，还经常因为达不到切割精度而造成工件报废。采用五轴激光切割机，不仅能提高切割精度，而且能使切割端面更光滑，配备三维离线编程软件，结合稳定可靠的工件夹具，对客户的批量化工件可以真正做到一次编程、 无限切割，保证工件品质的始终如一。

1.1研究的目的及意义