摘 要

城市分车绿化分车带是生活中绿化的重要组成部分，是道路绿化的主体之一，能洁净大气、减噪除尘、美化环境、防风防火、维护市内交通等，在保护道路生态环境方面起着重要的作用。在日常生活中随着车流量的增大以及城市工业排放灰尘的增多，空气中的灰尘容易附着在绿化带上，容易造成许多问题，因此对分车绿化带进行除尘工作具有重要意义。目前，专用于城市分车绿化带的除尘装置数量不多，且适用性与灵活性不高，除尘效率不够高。针对该问题，本文设计出一种高效灵活适应性广的针对于城市分车绿化带的除尘装置。本次设计的吸尘装置的设计结构包括吸尘工作头防护网组件及其固定支架，用于调节工作台高度的滚珠丝杠，还有用于避障的传动机构装置，以及能在吸尘工作头附近产生负压的离心风机和用于收集灰尘的沉降箱。除尘装置工作时通过电机带动风机的旋转使吸尘工作头附近产生负压，将带有灰尘的气流送入沉降箱中过滤收集，丝杠等带动吸尘工作头上下移动调节不同工作高度，且丝杠底部的传动系统能使吸尘工作头能进行避障。本设计可用于高低不同的城市分车绿化带，还能进行一个合理的避障，且吸入工作系统的灰尘不会被排出，达到了高效且除尘彻底的目的。

关键词：绿化带；尘粒；除尘装置；吸尘系统；传动结构

Design of dust removal device for urban road green belt

ABSTRACT

The urban greening and distribution belt is an important part of greening in life. It is one of the main bodies of road greening. It can clean the atmosphere, reduce noise and dust, beautify the environment, prevent wind and fire, maintain the city's traffic, etc.in protecting the road ecological environment. play an important role. In daily life, with the increase of traffic volume and the increase of dust emitted by urban industry, dust in the air is likely to adhere to the green belt, which is easy to cause many problems. Therefore, it is of great significance to carry out dust removal work on the green belt of the car. At present, the number of dust removal devices dedicated to urban green belts is not large, and the applicability and flexibility are not high, and the dust removal efficiency is not high enough. Aiming at this problem, this paper designs a dust-removing device for urban green belts with high efficiency and flexibility. The design structure of the dust suction device of the present design includes a dust-collecting head protection net assembly and a fixing bracket thereof, a ball screw for adjusting the height of the table, a transmission mechanism for avoiding obstacles, and a vacuuming work. A centrifugal fan that generates a negative pressure near the head and a settling tank for collecting dust. When the dust removing device is working, the rotation of the fan is driven by the motor to generate a negative pressure near the dust collecting working head, and the dusty airflow is sent to the settling box for filtering and collecting, and the screw head drives the dusting working head to move up and down to adjust different working heights, and The drive system at the bottom of the screw allows the vacuuming head to be used for obstacle avoidance. The design can be used for high and low urban green belts, and can also carry out a reasonable obstacle avoidance, the dust sucked into the working system will not be discharged, achieving the purpose of high efficiency and complete dust removal.

Key Words：Green belt; dust particles; dust removal device; vacuum system; transmission structure

目 录

1 前言 1

1.1 课题研究背景及意义 1

1.2 分车绿化带除尘装置的国内外研究现状 1

2 吸尘装置总体方案设计 3

2.1设计任务要求 3

2.1.1基本设计参数 3

2.1.2设计立意 3

2.1.3设计要求 3

2.2方案对比 3

2.3方案确定 4

2.3.1除尘方式的选择 4

2.3.2设计的实用创新点 5

3 吸尘单元设计 6

3.1灰尘的起动研究 6

3.1.1吸尘系统工作介质简介 6

3.1.2尘粒的物理性质 6

3.1.3尘粒的起动原理 9

3.2吸尘工作头的设计与风机的选型 15

3.2.1吸尘工作头的设计 15

3.2.1风机的选型 17

4 关键传动结构设计 19

4.1滚珠丝杠副的设计 19

4.1.1确定滚珠丝杠副的导程以及转速和载荷 19

4.1.2确定预期额定动载荷 20

4.1.3确定滚珠丝杠的最小螺纹底径和规格代号 22

4.1.4确定滚珠丝杠的预紧力。 24

4.1.5计算行程补偿值和预拉伸力 25

4.1.6确定滚珠丝杠副支承用的轴承代号及规格 26

4.1.7滚珠丝杠的安全使用 26

4.2避障功能的设计 27

4.3.1齿轮传动的计算 28

4.3.2传动轴的计算 30

4.3总装设计 32

4.4本章小结 33

5 小结 34

6 致谢 35

参考文献 36

1 前言

1.1 课题研究背景及意义