壁面电场调控纳米孔分辨率的有限元仿真毕业论文

 2021-04-07 01:04

摘 要

纳米孔单分子检测技术是通过不同的压力促使分子穿过纳米孔,监测分子穿孔时的相对堵塞电流变化,相对堵塞电流即反应了分子的性质。

本文以Nernst-Plank,Possion以及Navier-Stokes方程组成的NP模型为前提条件,充分使用了COMSOL Multiphysics软件的功能创建了模型。

本文着重研究了在低浓度条件下壁面电场对纳米孔电导以及分辨率的影响。通过模拟实验可以发现,在浓度不变的条件下(0.1M),改变纳米孔壁面电荷密度(-0.05C/㎡~0.05C/㎡),纳米孔电导与壁面电荷关系曲线基本成对称分布。

因为DNA分子表面带有负电荷(-0.014C/㎡),当纳米孔壁面与DNA分子带相同电荷(即负电荷)时,纳米孔内的电导也会随之增加,这样会使纳米孔中的电流与DNA在纳米孔中的占位引起的电流效应,相互抵消一部分,使得其电导变化减小,也即分辨率会减小,而当纳米孔壁面带正电荷时,由DNA分子带入的是正离子的浓度增加,而壁面是正电荷,引入负离子的浓度增加,这时浓度增加量会减弱,再加上占位导致的电流减小,使得电流继续减小。而进一步增加纳米孔壁面电荷密度时,DNA占位以及带入的正离子浓度对纳米孔电导的影响变小,此时纳米孔电导主要受到壁面电荷影响。因此纳米分辨率又有降低。

关键词:纳米孔、壁面电场、电导、有限元、仿真

Finite element simulation of wall electric field regulating resolution of nanopore

ABSTRACT

Nanopores single molecule detection technology promotes molecules to pass through nanopores through different pressures, and monitors the changes of relative blocking current when molecules are perforated. The relative blocking current reflects the properties of molecules.

In this paper, the NP model composed of nernst-plank, Possion and navier-stokes equations are taken as the prerequisite to create the model by making full use of the functions of COMSOL Multiphysics software.

This paper focuses on the effect of wall electric field on the conductivity and resolution of nanopores at low concentration.Through simulation experiments, it can be found that under the condition of constant concentration (0.1M), the charge density on the wall surface of the nanopore (-0.05C/㎡~0.05C/㎡) is changed, and the relationship curve between the conductance of the nanopore and the charge on the wall is basically symmetrical.

Because the surface of the DNA molecule with a negative charge (0.014 C/㎡), when the pore wall (negative) and DNA molecules with the same charge, the conductance of nano hole will increase, this will make the current in the nanopore and DNA markers in the nanopore effect caused by the current, part offset each other, make its conductivity change decreases, and also reduces the resolution, and when the pore wall positively charged, by DNA molecules into positive ions concentration is increased, and the wall is a positive charged, the introduction of negative ions concentration increased, the concentration of the increase will abate, plus a placeholder to current is reduced,So the current continues to decrease.However, when the wall charge density of nanopores is further increased, the influence of DNA occupation and positive ion concentration on the conductance of nanopores decreases, and the conductance of nanopores is mainly affected by wall surface.So there's a reduction in the nanometer resolution.

Key words:Nanopores, wall electric field, conductance, finite element, simulation

目 录

摘 要 I

ABSTRACT II

第一章 绪论 1

1.1 研究背景 1

1.2 研究内容 2

1.3 文章结构 2

第二章 理论基础 3

2.1 表面电荷的产生 3

2.2 电渗效应 3

2.3 电泳效应 4

2.4 纳米孔电导的变化 4

2.5 本章小结 5

第三章 仿真模型的建立 6

3.1 纳流体模型的分类 6

3.2 本文采用的模型 6

3.2.1 NP模型 7

3.2.2 几何模型 8

3.2.3 控制方程 8

3.2.4 边界条件 9

3.2.5 网格划分 9

3.3 本章小结 10

第四章 纳米孔电学性能 11

4.1 电势分布 11

4.2 影响纳米孔内电势分布的因素 12

4.2.1 溶液浓度对电势分布的影响 12

4.2.2 壁面电荷密度对电势分布的影响 13

4.3 纳米孔I-V特性 14

4.3.1 浓度对I-V曲线的影响 14

4.3.2 壁面电荷密度对I-V曲线的影响 15

4.4 壁面电荷密度对纳米孔电导的影响 15

4.5 壁面电荷密度对纳米孔分辨率的影响 16

4.6 本章小结 17

结 论 18

致 谢 19

参考文献 20

  1. 绪论

1.1 研究背景

纳米孔检测技术作为近年来的一个研究热点在医学、生物学、化学等领域都发挥着巨大的作用。迄今为止,有关纳米孔通道的研究不断深入开展,其研究已经取得了丰硕的成果,但同时也存在着各种各样的问题需要不断解决。关于纳米孔检测方法的研究可以说是机遇与挑战并存。

随着纳米孔检测技术的发展,将其作为DNA测序的重要方法已经具有广泛的应用。其拥有包括成本低廉、高通量、无需标记等优势,使其成为国内外团队重点的研究对象。

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