摘 要
近些年以来,国内的人造板年产量维持着快速增长的趋势,其中以中密度纤维板和刨花板的产量增长最为明显。在中密度板的生产线中,多层热压机一直是板材生产企业普遍使用的机械设备,而同时闭合机构则是其重要的组成部分之一。同时闭合机构能够使得任意两块相邻的热压板,无论是处在闭合还是打开状态,其运动速度符合等差数列的规律,即热压板间相对速度基本相等,且相邻压板间的间距时刻保持相等,进而有效确保了成品板的质量。故而,一个运行平稳、可靠性高的同时闭合机构,不仅能够确保每层成品板的密度和厚度的均匀性,并且还能够显著改善多层热压机的整机性能。
通过设计计算、校核以及对比论证的方法,此次设计对中密度多层热压机同时闭合机构的结构进行了优化,使其结构更加趋于紧凑且转动灵活,从而提高热压机整机的工作效率和稳定性。设计过程中,首先必须根据以往的设计经验,估算并优化同时闭合机构中的两个关键角度参数;然后,计算压板完全张开和完全闭合状态下的关键零部件的尺寸;最后是零部件的力学分析、强度及刚度的校核。
此外,在同时闭合机构中,拉杆补偿装置及其相关零部件的选型也很关键。鉴于在实际的闭合及热压成型工序中,拉杆的长度无法一直维持不变,此时便需要补偿装置给各根拉杆的长度留出相应的调整余量,保证其不会因受拉受压不均匀而断裂。补偿装置类型多样,如何选型也需要我们去权衡利弊。
关键词:中密度板材;多层热压机;同时闭合机构;补偿装置
Synchronous Closing Mechanism design of MDF Multi-layer Hot Press
ABSTRACT
In recent years, the annual yield of Chinese man-made board has maintained a fast growing trend, and the production of MDF and particleboard has been the most obvious. In the manufacture of MDF, multi-layer hot presses have always been the mechanical equipment commonly used by man-made board enterprises, while the closing mechanism is a crucial part of it. Simultaneous closing mechanism can ensure any two adjacent hot pressing plates, whether in a closed or open state, having a moving speed that conforms to the law of the arithmetic progression, that is, the relative speeds between the pressing plates are substantially equal, and the spacing between pressing plates is kept equal, which effectively ensures the quality of the finished board. Therefore, a stable and reliable simultaneous closing mechanism can not only ensures the uniformity of density and thickness of each finished board, but also significantly improves the overall performance of the multi-layer hot press.
By means of design calculation, check calculation and comparative analysis, this design optimizes the structure of the simultaneous closing mechanism of the medium-density multi-layer hot press, and makes the structure more reasonable, thus improving the work efficiency and stability of the hot press machine.
In the design process, to begin with, we have to estimate and optimize two crucial angle parameters of the simultaneous closing mechanism. Then, calculate the dimensions of the key components with the plate in the fully open and fully closed state. Finally, check the strength and stiffness of the components.
In addition, in the simultaneous closing mechanism, the selection of the compensation device and its related components are also critical. In consideration of the reality that the length of tie rods cannot be completely maintained unchanged during the actual closing and hot pressing process, the compensation device is required to leave a corresponding adjustment margin for the length of each tie rod, to ensure that it will not break due to uneven tension and tension. There are many types of compensation devices, and we should weigh their merits and drawbacks.
Key words:MDF;Multi-layer hot press;Simultaneous closing Mechanism;Compensation device
目 录
1 绪论 1
1.1 中密度多层热压机的时代需求 1
1.2 课题国内外研究现状 1
1.2.1 国外热压机研究现状 1
1.2.2 国内热压机研究现状 2
1.3 本课题的研究目的及意义 3
2 中密度多层热压机的简介 3
2.1 热压机的基本类型及特点比较 4
2.2 多层热压机的组成及工作原理 5
2.3 中密度多层热压机总体设计要求 6
3 中密度多层热压机同时闭合机构设计 7
3.1 同时闭合机构的总体设计方案 7
3.2 同时闭合机构的作用及选型 7
3.3 同时闭合机构零部件的材料选用 9
3.4 同时闭合机构设计的关键参数 10
3.4.1 上、下摇臂摆动角数值优化 11
3.4.2 拉杆间距的最小值 12
3.4.3 两极限位置的相关尺寸参数 13
3.5 主要部件的受力分析及校核 14
3.5.1 拉杆的分析及校核 14
3.5.2 上摇臂的分析及校核 15
3.5.3 下摇臂的分析及校核 19
3.6 关节轴及其轴承的分析校核 19
3.6.1 上下关节轴 20
3.6.2 中间关节轴 20
4 同时闭合机构补偿装置的设计 22
4.1 补偿装置的选型 22
4.2 弹簧的原始工作条件 22
4.3 弹簧技术参数设计计算 23
4.4 弹簧验算 24
4.4.1 弹簧工作精度 24
4.4.2 弹簧稳定性 25
4.4.3 弹簧强度 25
结 论 27
致 谢 28
参考文献 29
1 绪论
1.1 中密度多层热压机的时代需求
在中密度板的制作过程中,热压成型工序是重要的步骤之一,要完成这道工序,必然少不了热压机的应用。多层热压机作为常见的热压机类型之一,在国内的中密度板生产线上,一直都是企业普遍使用的主要热压机械设备,它的整体工作性能的好坏将直接影响到中密度板的品质和产量。多层热压用途广泛,不光能够用于制造纤维板和刨花板等非原木板材,也可用于制造塑面板、薄板和绝缘板等平板制品。现阶段,随着我国社会发展的不断完善与深入,人们的生活水平颇有改善,对日常生活的品味也更为讲究。例如,人们对地板、门板、墙板以及家具等中密度板制品的需求量急剧增加,对板材制品的品质要求也越来越高,这在很大程度上促进了我国的中密度板生产规模的扩大的和产量的增加。为了提高中密度板的产量和质量,我们需要优化中密度多层热压机的结构,改善其各方面的工作性能,从而生产出品质优良的中密度板,不断满足人们多种多样的生活需求与审美标准。
1.2 课题国内外研究现状
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